Keabsahan Hukum Praktik Real Money Trading Akun Game Online

Authors

  • Ping-Ping Nurhidayatulloh Faculty of Law, State of Surabaya University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
  • Astrid Amidiaputri Hasyyati Faculty of Law, State of Surabaya University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v31i3.1012

Keywords:

real money trading, perjanjian baku, perlindungan konsumen, kepemilikan digital, standard contract, consumer protection, digital ownership

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis keabsahan transaksi jual beli akun game online (Real Money Trading/RMT) dalam perspektif hukum perdata dan perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia. Praktik RMT menunjukkan bahwa akun game telah bertransformasi menjadi komoditas digital bernilai ekonomi nyata, meskipun secara kontraktual dilarang dalam Terms of Service (ToS) oleh pengembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta dokumen Terms of Service (ToS) game seperti milik Supercell. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa akun game dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai benda bergerak tidak berwujud berdasarkan Pasal 503 KUHPerdata, namun menimbulkan dikotomi antara kepemilikan (eigendom) pemain dan penguasaan (bezit) yang diberikan pengembang. Larangan pengalihan akun dalam Terms of Service (ToS) berpotensi menjadikan transaksi jual beli memiliki “sebab yang tidak Diperbolehkan” sehingga dapat batal demi hukum menurut Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Selain itu, sejumlah klausula dalam Terms of Service (ToS) tergolong klausula eksonerasi yang bertentangan dengan Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembentukan regulasi khusus mengenai kepemilikan dan transaksi aset digital untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan bagi konsumen di era ekonomi digital.

This study examines the legality of online game account trading, known as Real Money Trading (RMT), from the standpoint of Indonesian civil law and consumer protection. RMT practices demonstrate that game accounts have evolved into digital commodities with real economic value, despite explicit prohibitions in developers’ Terms of Service (ToS). Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and ToS documents such as those of Supercell. Findings indicate that game accounts qualify as intangible movable property under Article 503 of the Indonesian Civil Code but reveal a dichotomy between player ownership (eigendom) and developer possession rights (bezit). The ToS prohibition on account transfers may render such transactions invalid due to an “unlawful cause” under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Moreover, several ToS clauses constitute exoneration clauses violating Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law. The study concludes that Indonesia urgently needs a specific legal framework governing digital asset ownership and transfer to ensure legal certainty and fair consumer protection in the digital economy era.

References

Peraturan Perundangan-undangan:

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.

Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 22, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3821).

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Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 5 Tahun 2020 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem Elektronik Lingkup Privat.

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Skripsi:

Kristanto, Gerry Simon. “Status Hak Kebendaan Atas Virtual Property Serta Keabsahan Real Money Trading Yang Dilakukan Oleh Pemain Dalam Permainan Undawn Yang Diselenggarakan Oleh Garena: Tinjauan Hukum Kebendaan Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Jual Beli Melalui Media Sosial Facebook).” Skripsi, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, 2024.

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Published

2026-09-08

Issue

Vol. 31 No. 3 (2026): Edisi September

Section

Articles

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