KONSTRUKSI HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN ADHERED PARTY DALAM KONTRAK ADHESI YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM TRANSAKSI BISNIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v19i3.17Keywords:
kontrak adhesi, itikad baik, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, adhesion contract, good faith, abuse of powerAbstract
Prinsip kebebasan berkontrak membawa para pihak dalam suatu kontrak untuk menandatangani suatu persetujuan, termasuk diantaranya adalah kontrak baku. Kontrak baku dibuat oleh satu pihak, biasanya oleh suatu perusahaan dengan tujuan adanya efisiensi. Kontrak tersebut bagaimanapun berpotensi adanya penyalahgunaan kedudukan yang lebih mendominasi dalam penerapannya, kontrak seperti ini dikenal dengan nama kontrak adhesi. Dalam kaitannya dengan kontrak adhesi terdapat batasan dan/atau pengalihan tanggung jawab dari resiko bisnis kepada mitra berkontraknya (adhered party). Maka dari itu prinsip itikad baik tentu memainkan peranan yang cukup penting untuk mengevaluasi implementasi dari kontrak adhesi. Penulisan ini membahas kontrak adhesi dalam kaitannya dengan prinsip dasar hukum kontrak dan juga menganalisa payung hukum untuk mitra berkontraknya (adhered party) dalam pencarian hak-hak kontraktualnya terkait implementasi dari kontrak adhesi. Dalam tulisan ini juga akan dibandingkan implementasi dari kontrak adhesi dalam prakteknya baik di Indonesia dan di luar Indonesia dengan cara menganalisa hukum nasional dan aturan yang berlaku secara internasional seperti Prinsip-prinsip Kontrak Perdagangan Internasional (The Principles of International Comercil Contracts-PICC).
Freedom of contract principle brings the contracting parties to sign into an agreement in such forms, including a standard contract. The standard contracts are made by one party, usually by business entities in the aim of doing efficiency. The contracts, however, potentially contains abuse of power in its application, known as adhesion contract. In term of adhesion contract, it contains prompt restrictions and/or transfer of responsibilities of the business risks to the adhered party. Therefore, good faith principle plays an important role to evaluate the implementation of the adhesion contract. This article discusses the adhesion contract in the light of the basic principles in contract law and explores the legal frameworks for adhered party to seek their contractual rights in conjunction with the implementation of the adhesion contract. We also compare the implementation of the adhesion contract, practically, both in Indonesia and international practices by examining the national laws and the model law e.g. Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC).
References
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Tesis:
Adams, John. 2004. “Digital Age Standard Form Contracts Under Australian Law: “Wrap” Agreements, Exclusive Jurisdiction, and Binding Arbitration Clauses”. Thesis. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association.
Website:
http://unilex.info/case.cfm?id=1538 diakses tanggal 18 September 2012.
http://lexmecatoria.org diakses tanggal 11 September 2012.
http://legislation.gov.uk diakses tanggal 12 September 2012.
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