PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HAKIM ATAS TINDAKAN “ABUSE OF JUSTICE” MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v25i3.772Keywords:
salah hukum, pertanggungjawaban hakim, abuse of justice, judicial liabilityAbstract
Hakim dalam menjalankan tugasnya menganut prinsip kebebasan hakim yang memberikan makna bahwasanya seorang hakim dalam hal menjalankan tugas dan wewenang kekuasaan kehakiman tidak terikat dan tertekan oleh pihak manapun sehingga hakim memiliki keleluasaan penuh dalam mengambil tindakan hukum terkait kasus yang tengah ditangani. Namun di sisi lain, apabila hal ini dibiarkan begitu saja tanpa ada batasan justru dikhawatirkan akan terjadi penyalahgunaan kekuasaan kehakiman (abuse of judicial power). Hal ini menyebabkan putusan pengadilan yang bersifat abuse of justice sebagai bentuk kelalaian hakim dalam menjalankan tugasnya, sehingga putusan dijatuhkan tanpa dasar yang tepat dan dijatuhi hukuman yang tidak seharusnya. Kualitas hakim pun diragukan. Di beberapa negara lain seperti Italia dan Jerman telah berupaya mencegah dan menanggulangi perilaku hakim yang tidak tepat dengan menerapkan konsep pertanggungjawaban hakim yang nantinya akan berpengaruh pula terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan di ruang lingkup peradilan. Penelitian hukum normatif ini membahas mengenai pertanggungjawaban hakim di Indonesia perihal abuse of justice dan kebijakan hukum terkait yang dapat diterapkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan urgensi penerapan konsep judicial liability dalam ruang lingkup peradilan di Indonesia dalam regulasi baru guna meningkatkan kualitas kinerja hakim di Indonesia.
Judges in carrying out their duties adhere to the principle of judge freedom which means they are not bound and pressured by any party so that the judge has full discretion in taking legal action related to the case. Otherwise, if this is left unattended, there is an issue of abuse of power. This results in court decisions that are abuse of justice as a form of negligence of judges in carrying out their duties, so that decisions are rendered without proper basis and sentenced to inappropriate penalties. The quality of the Judges is doubtful. In several other countries, such as Italy and Germany, they have attempted to prevent and overcome inappropriate judge behavior by applying the concept of judge accountability which in turn will also affect policies in the scope of the judiciary. This normative legal research discusses the accountability of judges in Indonesia regarding the Abuse of Justice and related legal policies that can be applied. This research recommends the urgency to applying the concept of judicial liability in new regulations to improve the quality of performance of judges in Indonesia.
References
Peraturan Perundangan-undangan:
Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Acara Pidana.
Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 157, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5076.
Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 09 Tahun 1976 tentang Gugatan Terhadap Pengadilan dan Hakim.
Buku:
Muladi. (1995). Kapita Selekta Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki. (2016). Penelitian Hukum. Edisi Revisi Cetakan ke-12. Jakarta: Kencana.
Jurnal:
Jarot Digdo. “Peradilan Yang Berkualitas”. Jurnal UNIERA. Volume 3 Nomor 1 Februari 2014, h. 95.
Shafrudin. “Pelaksanaan Politik Hukum Pidana dalam Penegakkan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia”. Jurnal Hukum Pro Justitia. Oktober 2009 Volume 27 No. 2.
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Website:
Dante Fiqueroa. Italy: Civil Liability of Judge. Diakses dari http://www.loc.gov, diakses pada tanggal 15 Maret 2020.
NN. The reform of civil liability of individual judges in Italy, diakses dari http://www.coe.int, diakses pada tanggal 15 Maret 2020.
Tony Budidjaja. Kesalahan Hakim Tanggungjawab Siapa?. diakses dari https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/hol5949/kesalahan-hakim-tanggung-jawab-siapa/, diakses pada tanggal 15 Maret 2020.
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