PERKEMBANGAN STANDAR PEMBERIAN INFORMASI PADA PROSES INFORMED CONSENT DALAM PERJANJIAN TERAPEUTIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v27i1.819Keywords:
informed consent, perjanjian terapeutik, treatment contractAbstract
Perkembangan standar atas informasi yang disampaikan kepada pasien mengenai tindakan medis atau pemeriksaan yang diusulkan oleh dokter dalam perjanjian terapeutik wajib mendapatkan persetujuan setelah diberikan informasi cukup mengenai kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang sah secara hukum. Tujuannya adalah agar pasien dapat mengambil keputusan dengan kesadaran penuh akan seluruh konsekuensi dan kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang terjadi. Permasalahannya adalah kegagalan untuk memberikan informasi yang adekuat kepada pasien merupakan suatu pelanggaran atas kewajiban profesional dokter, dan karenanya dianggap sebagai suatu malpraktik medis. Penelitian yang membahas mengenai perkembangan standar pemberian informasi pada proses informed consent di perjanjian terapeutik ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan studi perbandingan yang membandingkan antara putusan pengadilan atas kasus malpraktik medis di Indonesia, Jerman, dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya pergeseran standar informasi dari yang semula menggunakan perspektif kepentingan dokter menjadi beralih pada standar perspektif kepentingan pasien untuk menghormati dan mempromosikan otonomi pasien. Potensi gugatan malpraktik medis adalah akibat persetujuan tindakan medis yang diberikan secara tidak benar, terkait dengan kemungkinan adanya risiko medis yang telah terprediksi maupun belum dapat diperkirakan sebelumnya.
The development of standards for information submitted to patients regarding medical actions or examinations proposed by doctors in therapeutic agreements must obtain approval after being given sufficient information about certain legally valid criteria. The goal is that the patient can make decisions with full awareness of all the consequences and possibilities that occur. The problem is that failure to provide adequate information to patients is a violation of the doctor’s professional obligations, and is therefore considered a medical malpractice. This study discusses the development of standards for providing information on the informed consent process in this therapeutic agreement using a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, a case approach, and a comparative study approach that compares court decisions on medical malpractice cases in Indonesia, Germany, and the United States. This study found that there was a shift in information standards from using the perspective of the doctor’s interests to shifting to the standard perspective of the patient’s interests to respect and promote patient autonomy. The potential for a medical malpractice lawsuit is the result of an incorrectly granted medical approval agreement, related to the possibility of predictable or unpredictable medical risks.
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Nancy E. Epstein, “Legal and Evidenced-Based Definitions of Standard of Care: Implications for Code of Ethics of Professional Medical Societies,” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6322161/, dikunjungi pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2021
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