PEMBERIAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF KRIMINOLOGI

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara di dunia telah berperan aktif menanggulangi pandemi Covid-19 untuk mengurangi tingkat mortalitas dan keparahan penyakit pada penderita. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah program vaksinasi serentak di berbagai daerah guna menekan penyebaran virus Covid-19 dan mempercepat tercapainya level herd immunity yang dibutuhkan yakni minimal 70 persen dari total penduduk Indonesia telah menerima vaksin Covid-19. Dalam pelaksanaan program vaksinasi tersebut terkendala oleh banyak pihak yang menolak dengan alasan takut terhadap efek samping dari vaksin, keamanan prosedur hingga munculnya keraguan akan halal atau tidaknya bahan baku vaksin sehingga Pemerintah pun menerapkan sanksi bagi masyarakat yang menolak vaksinasi wajib dari pemerintah. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini menelaah regulasi yang berlaku terkait sanksi atas pelanggaran kewajiban vaksinasi Covid-19 oleh masyarakat Indonesia dengan kondisi riil yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa tingkat kesadaran masyarakat masih rendah terkait kepedulian terhadap kewajiban vaksinasi sehingga Pemerintah harus mengeluarkan aturan hukum baru yang bersifat memaksa yakni Peraturan Presiden Nomor 99 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengadaan Vaksin dan Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi untuk Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19, selanjutnya diikuti pula dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan No.HK.01.02./MENKES/12758/2021 terkait Penetapan Jenis Vaksin Untuk Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 84 Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Vaksinasi untuk Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19.

Indonesia as one of the countries in the world has played an active role in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic to reduce the level of mortality and disease severity in sufferers. One of the efforts made is a simultaneous vaccination program in various regions to suppress the spread of the Covid-19 virus and accelerate the achievement of the required level of herd immunity, namely at least 70 percent of the total population of Indonesia has received the Covid-19 vaccine. The implementation of the vaccination program was constrained by many parties who refused on the grounds of fear of the side effects of the vaccine, the safety of the procedure to the emergence of doubts about whether or not the vaccine raw materials were halal or not, so the Government also implemented sanctions for people who refused mandatory vaccination from the Government. This normative juridical research examines the applicable regulations related to sanctions for violations of Covid-19 vaccination obligations by the Indonesian people with the real conditions that occur. The results of the study found that the level of public awareness was still low regarding concern for vaccination obligations so that the Government had to issue a new law that was coercive, namely Presidential Regulation Number 99 of 2020 concerning Vaccine Procurement and Vaccination Implementation for the Covid-19 Pandemic Management, followed by a Ministerial Decree. Health No.HK.01.02./MENKES/12758/2021 Regarding the Determination of Vaccine Types for the Implementation of Covid-19 Vaccination and Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 84 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Vaccination for the Prevention of the Covid-19 Pandemic.