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publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a>).</li></ol><p> </p><p>The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to jurnal PERSPEKTIF and Research Institutions and Community Service, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University as publisher of the journal.</p> aripurwadi.fhuwks@gmail.com (Ari Purwadi) djupri.nonstop@gmail.com (djupri) Mon, 13 Feb 2023 07:38:22 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.11 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INFEKSIUS COVID-19 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/848 <p>Limbah infeksius Covid-19 yang tidak ditangani dengan benar dikhawatirkan menjadi sumber penularan baru Covid-19. Beberapa regulasi yang ada, diantaranya UU PPLH, UU Pengelolaan Sampah dan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia No: P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/2015 telah memberikan pedoman cara mengelola sampah dan/atau limbah, baik itu dari rumah tangga ataupun fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Pengelolaan limbah infeksius Covid-19 harus dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, namun masyarakat belum sepenuhnya mengetahui cara pengelolaan yang benar sehingga limbah yang seharusnya ditangani dengan cara khusus justru bercampur dengan limbah rumah tangga. Sehingga, diperlukan adanya aturan hukum mengenai kewajiban pengelolaan limbah infeksius Covid-19 disertai sanksi pidana, sanksi administrasi dan penambahan fasilitas pengelolaan limbah. Akhirnya, penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pencemaran limbah infeksius Covid-19 dapat diwujudkan jika terjalin hubungan kerjasama yang baik antara masyarakat dengan pemerintah, salah satunya pemerintah menyediakan tempat pembuangan limbah infeksisus Covid-19 yang aman.</p> <p><em>Covid-19 infectious waste that is not handled properly is feared to become a new source of transmission of Covid-19. Several existing regulations, including the PPLH Law, the Waste Management Law, and the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number: P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/2015 have provided guidelines on how to manage waste or waste, both from households and facilities. Health services. Statutory regulations must carry out the management of Covid-19 infectious waste. Still, the public needs to know how to manage it properly, so waste that should be handled specially is mixed with household waste. Thus, it is necessary to have legal regulations regarding the obligation to manage Covid-19 infectious waste accompanied by criminal sanctions, administrative sanctions, and additional waste management facilities. Finally, law enforcement against perpetrators of contamination of Covid-19 infectious waste can be realized if there is a good cooperative relationship between the community and the government, one of which is the government providing safe disposal sites for Covid-19 infectious waste.</em></p> Rosalia Dika Agustanti, Ali Imran Nasution, Dian Khoreanita Pratiwi Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/848 Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN AVERAGE ADJUSTER TERHADAP KERUGIAN AKIBAT GENERAL AVERAGE PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/844 <p>Manusia hanya akan menerima, menghindari, maupun mencegah risiko yang kemungkinan akan terjadi. Hal ini menghasilkan sebuah pengalihan risiko yang dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan asuransi laut. <em>General average</em> merupakan sebuah kerugian yang disepakati oleh para pihak untuk ditanggung bersama dan pertanggungjawaban tersebut akan dipikul bersama antara para pihak. <em>Average Adjuster</em> merupakan penilai kerugian asuransi yang ditunjuk oleh perusahaan asuransi dalam menangani klaim peristiwa <em>general average</em>. Hasil laporan dari <em>Average Adjuster</em> menjadi dasar perusahaan asuransi dalam melakukan klaim yang diajukan oleh tertanggung sehingga mereka memiliki tanggung jawab atas hasil <em>report</em> yang diberikan. Penelitian hukum normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, bahwa jika <em>Average Adjuster</em> melakukan kesalahan dalam hasil <em>report</em> tersebut maka salah satu pihak dapat mengajukan survei ulang pada perusahaan asuransi ataupun mengajukan pengembalian atau penambahan nilai klaim asuransi sehingga dikeluarkan sebuah LoD sebagai parameter uji batas atas instrumen yang diberikan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya lembaga baru yang berfungsi mengawasi atau mengaudit dengan tujuan pengecekan ulang validitas hasil <em>report Average Adjuster</em> sehingga memperkuat fungsi pengecekan ganda sebelum perusahaan asuransi memberikan keputusan final terhadap klaim tertanggung.<br /><em>Humans will only accept, avoid, or prevent risks that are likely to occur. This results in a transfer of risk that is carried out by using marine insurance. The general average is a loss agreed by the parties to be shared and the responsibility will be shared between the parties. The Average Adjuster is an insurance loss assessor appointed by the insurance company to handle claims for general average events. Report results from the Average Adjuster become the basis for insurance companies in making claims submitted by the insured so that they have responsibility for the results of the report provided. Normative legal research using the statutory approach method, that if the Average Adjuster makes a mistake in the results of the report, one party can submit a re-survey to the insurance company or submit a return or increase in the value of the insurance claim so that an LoD is issued as a parameter of the upper limit test of the instrument used. given. Therefore, this study suggests the need for a new institution whose function is to supervise or audit with the aim of re-checking the validity of the results of the Average Adjuster hassle so as to strengthen the double checking function before the insurance company makes a final decision on the insured’s claim.</em></p> Angel Rezky Pratama Tanda, Zachry Vandawati Chumaida, Agus Widyantoro Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/844 Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TERTANGGUNG DALAM ASURANSI JIWA UNIT-LINK https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/851 <p>Asuransi jiwa unit link memiliki keunikan apabila dibandingkan dengan asuransi lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik asuransi jiwa unit link dan perlindungan bagi tertanggung berdasarkan asuransi jiwa unit link. Penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual ini menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang memuat mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi tertanggung serta karakteristik asuransi jiwa unit link termasuk peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai atau terkait dengan asuransi jiwa dan investasi. Asuransi jiwa unit link merupakan produk yang bersifat investasi yaitu adanya untung rugi. Pembayaran premi yang dilakukan juga berbeda dengan pembayaran premi pada asuransi jiwa biasa. Perlindungan hukum internal terhadap tertanggung merupakan perlindungan hukum yang utama dengan asas itikad baik dan asas keterbukaan. Penting bagi tertanggung untuk memperhatikan waktu pembentukan kontrak demi mencegah terjadinya perselisihan begitu pula dengan penafsiran penanggung untuk memuat klausul dalam polis atau bahkan di media lain yang menjelaskan tentang asuransi jiwa berbasis unit link terutama terkait dengan hak bagi tertanggung. Penelitian ini menyarankan konsep perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang asuransi jiwa berbasis unit link dari aspek kontrak dan pengawasan otoritas berwenang agar tercapai keadilan.<br /><em>Unit linked life insurance is unique when compared to other insurances. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of unit linked life insurance and protection for the insured based on unit linked life insurance. This normative research using a statutory and conceptual approach uses primary legal sources and secondary legal materials which include legal protection for the insured and the characteristics of unit-linked life insurance including statutory regulations regarding or related to life insurance and investments. Unit-linked life insurance is an investment product, namely profit and loss. Premium payments made are also different from premium payments on ordinary life insurance. Internal legal protection for the insured is the main legal protection with the principles of good faith and the principle of transparency. It is important for the insured to pay attention to the time the contract is formed in order to prevent disputes as well as the interpretation of the insurer to include clauses in the policy or even in other media that explain unit-linked life insurance, especially related to the rights of the insured. This study suggests the concept of legal protection for holders of unit-linked life insurance from the contractual and regulatory aspects in order to achieve justice.</em></p> Fries Melia Salviana, Krisnadi Nasution, Evi Kongres Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/851 Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS MEREK PRODUK KREATIF STARTUP DENGAN SISTEM PROTOKOL MADRID DALAM PERDAGANGAN ELEKTRONIK https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/836 <p>Bisnis rintisan (<em>startup</em>) harus didukung dengan perlindungan hukum yang memadai di bidang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) khususnya terkait merek. Proses pendaftaran merek internasional dengan Sistem Protokol Madrid saat ini memberikan keuntungan biaya pendaftaran yang lebih murah, efisien, terpusat dan dapat melindungi dari merek dari serbuan kompetitor dan ancaman pelanggaran merek. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai urgensi suatu pendaftaran merek internsioanal bagi produk <em>startup</em> melalui sistem protokol sangat penting adalah demi memberikan perlindungan hukum secara internasional yang maksimal terhadap merek serta bagaimana upaya hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa terhadap pelanggaran merek pada produk kreatif <em>startup</em> terdaftar melalui Sistem Protokol Madrid dalam perdagangan elektronik. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menganalisa mekanisme tata cara pendaftaran merek regional maupun internasional melalui Sistem Protokol Madrid serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa merek internasional yang mengacu pada aturan hukum positif di Indonesia dan TRIPS sehingga tercapai keharmonisan.<br /><em>Startup businesses must be supported by adequate legal protection in the field of intellectual property rights (IPR), especially regarding brands. The process of registering international marks with the Madrid Protokol Sistem currently provides the advantage of registration fees that are cheaper, more efficient, centralized, and can protect brands from attacks by competitors and threats of trademark infringement. This research examines the urgency of an international trademark registration for start-up products through a very important protokol sistem in order to provide maximum international legal protection for brands and how legal remedies are used in resolving disputes against trademark violations on creative start-up products registered through the Madrid protokol sistem in electronic commerce. This normative legal research examines the Madrid Protokol sistem’s mechanism for registering regional and international marks, as well as mechanisms for international trademark dispute resolution that refer to positive law rules in Indonesia and TRIPS to achieve harmony. </em></p> Hanung Widjangkoro Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/836 Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PENYELESAIAN HUKUM PEKERJA BERDASARKAN PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU DITINJAU DARI HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/847 <p>Pekerja atau buruh merupakan orang yang melakukan pekerjaan dengan perolehan upah atau gaji dalam bentuk lainnya, akan tetapi pengertian Tenaga Kerja merupakan seseorang yang mampu melaksanakan perkerjannya untuk memperoleh barang atau jasa yang dapat mencukupi perorangan atau badan hukum. Hal tersebut termaktub dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) Undnag-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini merupakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil Penelitian dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan pemutusan hubungan kerja serta dalam perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu untuk para pekerja sangatlah direkomendasi baik dari sisi para pekerja dan pengusaha, dikarenakan Med-Arb sangatlah memfasilitasi para pihak yang melakukan perselisihan serta dapat memberikan tingkat keefektifitasan waktu yang sangat diperlukan, beaya yang tidak mahal dan lebih efisien dari metode penyelesaian Arbritase ataupun Pengadilan Niaga.<br /><em>Workers or laborers are people who carry out work for which wages or other forms of wages are earned, but the definition of workforce is someone who is able to carry out his work to obtain goods or services that can be sufficient for individuals or legal entities. This is contained in Article 1 paragraph (2) of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. The approach used in this writing is a normative research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Research results in resolving employment termination disputes as well as in work agreements for a certain time for workers are highly recommended both from the side of workers and employers, because Med-Arb greatly facilitates the parties who carry out disputes and can provide the level of effectiveness of time that is really needed, costs that are much needed. inexpensive and more efficient than Arbitration or Commercial Court settlement methods.</em></p> Sudarmaji Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/847 Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 KONSTRUKSI REFORMA PAJAK BAGI PEMILIK TANAH DATI DI KOTA AMBON DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/849 <p>Para pemilik tanah-tanah Dati di Kota Ambon belum pernah melakukan pembayaran pajak bumi (pajak tanah adat/Dati) miliknya kemanapun, sedangkan pembayaran pajak berguna untuk melindungi hak-hak penduduk warga desa termasuk di dalamnya hak ulayat masyarakat adat yang hidup di seluruh nusantara. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai membentuk konstruksi reforma pajak yang dapat memperlancar proses pembayaran pajak atas tanah Dati di Kota Ambon dan Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa selain faktor minimnya wawasan hukum masyarakat setempat tentang perlindungan hukum bagi hak tanah adat dan kekosongan aturan hukum dalam melindungi pemilik hak tanah negara sebagai sumber pendapatan negeri untuk kemajuan negeri adat, sehingga Adapun manfaat atas pungutan pajak digunakan oleh masyarakat hukum adat untuk menjaga kestabilan ekonomi masyarakat adat secara khususnya guna mendukung pendapatan asli negeri/desa bahkan daerah Maluku.<br /><em>The owners of Dati lands in Ambon City have never paid their land tax (adat land tax/Dati) anywhere, while tax payments are useful for protecting the rights of villagers including the customary rights of indigenous peoples who live throughout the archipelago. This research examines the formation of a tax reform construction that can expedite the process of paying taxes on Dati’s land in Ambon City and West Seram Regency. This study concludes that apart from the lack of legal knowledge of the local community regarding legal protection for customary land rights and the absence of legal rules in protecting owners of state land rights as a source of state revenue for the development of customary lands, the benefits of tax collection are used by indigenous peoples to maintain the economic stability of indigenous peoples in particular to support the country’s/village’s original income and even the Maluku region.</em></p> Ronald Saija, Nancy. S. Haliwela, Triska Demmataaco Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/849 Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000 TRANSFERRING COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP OF NFT ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF POSITIVE LAW IN INDONESIA https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/845 <p><em>The development of NFT use does not function for the public’s need of objects related to copyright. In general, when someone creating NFT using another person’s work needs approval from the copyright owner. This type of normative juridical research is used as an assessment of the application of positive legal norms or legal rules applied in Indonesia. The results of research on Transferring Copyright Ownership Of NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) On The Perspective Of Positive Law In Indonesia can be regulated by using the provisions of Article 18 UUHC related to selling-buying outright of copyrighted works which in practice must meet the requirements stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code concerning the conditions for the validity of the agreement which are the existence of an agreement, parties’ requirement, particular objects, and lawful cause. The transaction of copyrighted works on NFT is not merely a sale and purchase for ordinary works of art, but also includes the rights to a copyrighted work protected by positive law in Indonesia. NFTs are protected under copyright laws and therefore have 2 (two) rights attached: economic and moral. In this regard, changing or distributing as well as modifying actions is included in violating moral rights. Even though the ownership has been transferred, the copyright holder must still be entitled to the economic and moral rights of the creator attached to the NFT.</em></p> Maya Ruhtiani Copyright (c) 2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://jurnal-perspektif.org/index.php/perspektif/article/view/845 Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000